It is interesting that Shakespeare should comment on the confessional aspect of authorship, “sold cheap what is most dear,” for whether as actor or playwright his going “here and there” would have seemed the same to him. And it is this confessional pouring forth of private news and views that seemed to Aretino and his contemporaries to warrant the association of the press with pornography and filth. This is the view that dominates Pope’s Dunciad in the early eighteenth century. But for Aretino the switching of private confession into public accusation was a perfectly natural response to the print technology. Indeed, remarks Raimondi, Aretino “is a prostitute”. He has the prostitute’s instinct of social rebellion. “He throws mud not merely in the face of his contemporaries, but of a whole past. It would seem that he lifts up the